Application of Pigments on Cotton and Other Cellulosic Fibers

Define Pigment:

Pigment comes fromLatin word pigner which means Paint. They are organic or Inorganic colourant material. Pigment are Insoluble colouring matter mostly of mineral origin which have no affinity for fiber, are fixed onto the textile substrate wiyh a binding agent in the pattern required.It has only chromophore group but no auxochrome group. So ,it has no affinity forthe fiber.

Pigment

Classification of Pigment:
There are two types of Pigments.They are----

1. Natural pigment.
2. Synthetic pigment.

Natural pigment are divided by two types.

1. Organic pigment (chlorophyl Indigo)
2. Inorganic pigment (inonoxide)

Synthetic pigment also divided by two types.

1. Organic pigment.(litholred,peocockblue etc.)
2. Inorganic pigment.(sulphide,chromate etc.)

Organic pigment are two types.Such as- 
1.Natural organic.

• Vegetable organic.
• Animal organic.

2.Synthetic organic. 

• Azo.
• Non azo.

Azo and Nonazo types are given below.--

Azo: 

1. Pigment dye.
2. Percipited azo.

Non azo:

1. Precipited Basic dyes.
2. Precipited Acid dyes.
3. Phthalocyanic pigment.
4. Quinonoid vat dyes
5. Quinocridine.

Properties of Pigment:

1. Pigment are coloured or colouredless substances.
2. Pigment are inert and insoluble in aqueous media.
3. The term colorants cover both dyes and pigment.
4. Pigments has no affinity for the fibers.
5. But pigments can be used to all textile fibers with the help of binder.
6. Pigment are fixed onto the textile with binding agents in the pattern required.
7. Pigments provides complex range of colours.
8. Pigment provides greater degree of certainity in color matching.
9. Pigmented textile does not require various after treatments like dyed textile.This makes high production of prints.
10. Pigments light and wet fastness is good but poor rubbing fastness in heavy shade.
11. It's applied into the acid or alkali medium.

Trade Name of Pigment:
Name----------------------------------Company----------------------------------Country

Acranium------------------------------Bayer----------------------------------------W.Germany
Acron-------------------------------Parckh dye corp-----------------------------W.Germany
Helizarine-------------------------BASG, AG--------------------------------------Germany
Imperon----------------------------Hoechst-----------------------------------------Germany
Noepralae------------------------Francolor-----------------------------------------France
Syntrofix--------------------------Syndex pvt ltd----------------------------------India
Seabond,Lifebond---------------Hdc company---------------------------------USA

Application of Pigments on Cotton and Other Cellulosic Fibers:

Recipe:Pigment---------------------------------------------10-16% O.W.M.
Redy paste--------------------------------------------90-95% O.W.M. Redy paste recipe: [Binder 1kg+Acetic
acid 0.5kg+water 1:5-10]
Fixing agent---------------------------------------------0.5-1% O.W.M
Curing Temperature-------------------------------------150-180
Time ---------------------------------------------------3-8 minute

Process Sequence:
Redy Past solution making (Binder+Acetic acid+water)
↓
Pigment solution making(Pigment+water)
↓
Padding bath solution making (Redy paste soln+Pigment soln +Fixing agent)
↓
Padding the fabric
↓
Drying (at 70-100 degree c.temp.)
↓
Curing(for fixation at 150-180 degree c. in 3-8 minute)

Use of Pigments:

1. Use in natural, synthetic and glass fiber dyeing.
2. It is mostly use for printing.
3. Use for Blended fabric dyeing.
4. Use in Dope dyeing
5. It also used for the coloration of metal,wood,stone,soap,detergent, colored pencil,PVC, rubber,paper and other surfaces as paint.

Conclusion:
Pigment are useing different place of textile dyeing and printing. So it's need to have some good criteria.We can found many advantage and disadvantages of it.